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不符點

作者:凡爵國際 編輯:進(jìn)口報關(guān)代理公司 瀏覽次數(shù):發(fā)布日期:2022-05-03 16:38:53 

  不符點,接下來跟著凡爵國際小編一起熟悉下吧,希望對大家有所幫助!

  “不符點”指在對外貿(mào)易過程中,銀行給賣家開出信用證(L/C),賣家沒有按照信用證的要求出具的單據(jù)內(nèi)容,一旦賣方的單證跟L/C上有不相符合的地方,即使一個字母或一個標(biāo)點符號與信用證不相符合,都記為一處不符點。

  一般有不符點銀行會扣罰賣方50美元--100美元(視各銀行具體規(guī)定而定,一般一票單據(jù)只扣罰一次,而無論該票單據(jù)不符點數(shù)量的多少),有些不符是不能避免的,這個時候銀行會注明此單為不符點交單。

  這個時候L/C的銀行信用就不存在了,而轉(zhuǎn)變成了客戶的商業(yè)信用。因為單證不符,銀行就可以不承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任,這個時候就看客戶的信用了,如果客戶愿意接受,那就沒有問題;如果客戶突然改主意,不接受的話就麻煩了,那你的貨就存在進(jìn)退兩難的境地。

  如果提單還是記名提單就更慘,貨一出港你們的貨權(quán)就轉(zhuǎn)到提單上收貨人那邊了,客戶如果拖著一直不付款,過了一定的時間限制后銀行就可以拍賣這批貨物,你的客戶做為B/L上的收貨人這個時候就有第一競拍權(quán),極有可能以很便宜的價格得到這批貨。

  常見“不符點”

  1.Credit expired:Documents presented after expiry of credit

  本質(zhì)上說,信用證過截止日并不是不符點,但是開證行可以因此拒付。在我行到期的出口單據(jù),如超過截止日的時間不長(不應(yīng)超過5個工作日),可以聯(lián)系分行適當(dāng)將出單日期提前到截止日;在國外到期的進(jìn)口單據(jù),如超過截止日的時間不長(不應(yīng)超過5個工作日加適當(dāng)?shù)泥]遞時間),不應(yīng)盲目認(rèn)為信用證過截止日而拒付。

  2.Late presentation:document

  presented after the period for presentation of documents as specified on the credit or in terms of Article 43

  關(guān)于出單日期的選擇可以參考1的相關(guān)分析。

  3. BEARING NO LC NO. OR LC NO ON DOC DIFFER

  注意很多案例中ICC并不支持這樣的不符點,需要慎重。

  4. INCORRECT NUMBER OF ORIGINALS AND COPIES PRESENTED

  注意是否真的少提交了單據(jù)。缺少銀行副本,不應(yīng)構(gòu)成拒付的理由。

  5. DATA CONTENT SHOWN ON ONE DOC IN CONFLICT WITH THAT SHOWN ON ANOTHER DOC OR DATA CONTENT SHOWN ON ONE DOC IN CONFLICT WITH THAT SHOWN ON THE SAME DOC

  注意數(shù)據(jù)并不要求等同一致,所以要慎重對待沖突的概念,并且將數(shù)據(jù)的沖突具體化。后面很多單據(jù)都會涉及這個問題,將不再贅述。

  適用運輸單據(jù)

  1.Late shipment:Transport document show a date after the latest date of shipment as shown on credit

  如果信用證沒有要求UCP規(guī)定的運輸單據(jù),那么應(yīng)該規(guī)定以何種單據(jù)的何種日期作為判斷的依據(jù),否則可能引起爭議。

  2.Port of loading/dispatch/taking in charge not as per the credit

  注意區(qū)分港口和地理范圍之間的關(guān)系,如信用證要求SHENZHEN,CHINA,提單顯示SHEKOU,CHINA,可能被認(rèn)為是不符點。

  3.Port of discharge/final destination not as per the credit

  4.Transport document Shows an intended vessel/intended port of loading but on board notation does not additionally evidence actual port of loading and actual vessel

  5.Transhipment effected(Transhipment made when credit prohibits transhipment and also specifically excludes sub-Articles 23(d); 24(d); 27(c))

  6.Absence of on board notation on Received for shipment Bills of loading(where the credit calls for on board shipment)

  注意UCP對裝船批注的要求,尤其是顯示了與裝運港不同的收貨地時,600并沒有改變500時代的要求。

  7.On board notation not dated

  完整裝船批注包括裝船日期、實際裝貨港、實際裝貨船只;根據(jù)不同情況,裝船批注并不需要包括全部內(nèi)容,但是日期是必須的。

  8.Full set of transport documents not presented as required by the credit

  在正本提單另有去向的情況下,提交全部提單也會造成單據(jù)不符。

  9.Transport documents do not identify carrier AND Not signed in accordance with the credit and or UCP

  這是提單,或者說交單中最容易出問題的一點,需要重點學(xué)習(xí)、總結(jié)。

  10.Bills of Loading not endorsed in blank(as stipulated by the credit)

  提單的背書,尤其是特殊情況的背書,需要學(xué)習(xí)很多常識和專業(yè)知識。

  11.SHOWING DEFECTIVE CONDITION OF PACKAGES/GOODS

  不清潔批注,注意與提單免責(zé)條款的區(qū)別。

  12.NOTIFY PARTY INCORRECTLY SHOWN

  注意信用證應(yīng)該在提單條款明確規(guī)定通知方的名址,如果只要求通知申請人,那么只顯示申請人名稱可能不被認(rèn)為是不符點。

  13.UNAUTHENTICATED ALTERATION

  要明確什么是修改、如何證實修改。

  14.BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER OF SHIPPER AND NOT ENDORSED IN BLANK

  關(guān)于背書,尤其是特殊背書,應(yīng)該提醒經(jīng)辦分行。提單做成TO ORDER或TO ORDER OF SHIPPER的情況的,無論信用證是否要求背書,SHIPPER都必須背書。

  15.ON BOARD NOTATION NOT STAMPED AND SIGNED AS EXPECTED ON L/C

  一般來說,提單上的裝船批注不需要進(jìn)行簽章證實,但如果信用證要求這樣的話,還是應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)簽章,雖然這在實務(wù)上沒有什么意義。

  適用保險單據(jù)

  1.The currency in which the insurance document is expressed is not that of the credit 出口交單幾乎無此問題,可能主要是一些外匯管制的國家有這種可能。

  2.The amount of insurance is insufficient/under insured 注意如果是最后尾數(shù)的問題,進(jìn)口應(yīng)該慎重對待,出口應(yīng)提示客戶。

  3.Specific risks as stipulated in the credit are not covered by the insurance document 險別的描述最好是完全照抄信用證的規(guī)定。同時,加強(qiáng)對保險專業(yè)知識學(xué)習(xí)。

  4.The insurance policy/certificate is not endorsed

  5.The effective date for insurance is later than the date of shipment(or loading on board)

  6.All the originals shown on the document as issued are not presented.

  這一點有些時候可能會產(chǎn)生爭議,需要深入研究。比如,保險單是否需要顯示出具的正本份數(shù)?實務(wù)案例中,正本顯示1份,實際提交了2個正本,有些國外銀行會提出不符點。

  適用金融單據(jù)

  1. Draft not signed by the beneficiary OR Draft signed but no indication of the name of the beneficiary

  極少出現(xiàn)此不符點,如出現(xiàn)可能也是特殊情況,要慎重處理。

  2. Draft not drawn on the correct party

  應(yīng)該向?qū)嶋H希望其付款的人出具并提交。

  3.Draft does not show the “drawn under clause”(i.e. does not state drawn “under DC No.-- issued by --” as required by the credit)

  這些不是匯票的必然要求,只是規(guī)定信用證規(guī)定來審核,雖然一般的匯票都會顯示這樣的語句。

  4. Amount is in excess of the credit/over drawn

  5. Words and figures on Draft do not agree with each other

  6. Tenor of draft incorrectly shown (e.g. shows at sight instead of 60 days as required by the credit)

  7. Credit number, import licence number, are not shown on Draft(in terms of either an express stipulation in relation to drafts or as a general stipulation that all documents shall show these details)

  實際上,這并不是一個不符點。

  總之,一條非常重要的原則是,不到萬不得已,一般不僅僅因為匯票問題而對外拒付。最多是以此進(jìn)行臨時性的抗辯。出口交單中的匯票要符合信用證及票據(jù)法的法定要求。

  適用商業(yè)發(fā)票

  1. NOT ISSUED BY BEN

  發(fā)票可以不用簽字和日期

  2. TITLED “PROFORMA”, “PROVISIONAL”INVOICE”

  這些詞語會影響INV作為發(fā)票的功能,所以與相似的單據(jù)名稱不同。

  3.APPEARING NOT TO BE SIGNED,NOTARISED,LEGALISEDCERTIFIED AS REQUIRED BY LC

  4.DESCRIPTION OF GOODS DIFFERS FROM THAT IN LC

  要具體到實際數(shù)據(jù)。

  5.ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION QUESTIONING THE CONDITION OR VALUE OF GOODS

  有些附加信息就可以接受的,但是如“舊貨”、“二手”等可能不被接受。

  6.OTHER INFORMATION CONFLICTING WITH THAT IN OTHER DOCS

  7.VALUE OF THE INVOICE AND OF THE DRAFT DIFFER

  8.VALUE OF THE INVOICE EXCEED THE AVAILABLE BALANCE OF THE LC

  9.CURRENCY OF THE INVOICE NOT THE SAME AS THAT OF THE LC

  這個指的是支取款項的幣種而不是任何顯示等金額的其他幣種。

  10. BREAKDOWN OF CHGS NOT SHOWN AS REQUIRED BY LC

  11.PARTIAL SHIPMENT EFFECTED WHEN THE LC PROHIBITS PARTIAL SHIPMENT

  這里要從發(fā)運貨物的數(shù)量進(jìn)行判斷,而不是金額。

  12.Marks and numbers on invoice INconsistent with THOSE on transport DOCS(or other documents)

  沖突而不是簡單的不一致。

  13.Invoice not visaed AND/or legalized as required by the credit

  常見的是貿(mào)促會和領(lǐng)事館的認(rèn)證。

  14.Quantity of goods shipped exceeds tolerance of 5% in sub-Article 30(b)

  貨物數(shù)量可以的有5%的浮動,但實際支取金額是不能超過100%的。

  15.Unit price not as stipulated in the credit

  適用裝箱單

  1.Indicates the packing of goods which is not as required on the credit or shown on Invoice and or transport document.

  常見的審核要點是裝箱單的重量/體積與運輸單據(jù)的比較,信用證中規(guī)定的包裝條件也應(yīng)顯示,即使是另外規(guī)定的。

  適用分析證明

  1.Contains data inconsistent with invoice and the credit description of goods

  尤其是一些涉及成分含量百分比的產(chǎn)品分析。

  2.Does not indicate the precise figures and detail required in the credit

  3.Issued by a party whose name is not as stipulated in the credit

  如要求私人簽名時,除了手簽外,一般應(yīng)有打印的文字予以對證,下同。

  適用重量證明

  1.The data is inconsistent with THOSE INVOICE (or transport documents/other documents)

  注意有些重量、體積小數(shù)的四射五入造成的單據(jù)間的不一致,ICC并不認(rèn)為是不符點。

  2.NOT A CERT BUT A LIST 注意是否需要證明語句,尤其是信用證有要求時。

  適用檢驗證明

  1.Certificate not issued by the party stipulated in the credit

  2.The wording of the certificate not as stipulated by the credit

  如信用證規(guī)定有具體措辭,單據(jù)應(yīng)該顯示一致的內(nèi)容。

  出口許可證明

  1.Not issued by the authority/body named in the credit.

  原來產(chǎn)地證證明

  1.Indicates the origin of the goods other than that as stipulated in the credit

  2.Not issued by the party as stipulated in the credit

  3.Shown data inconsistent with those in other documents.

  如發(fā)票號碼、運輸路線、HS編碼,經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)不一致的問題,但這些問題在大部分的情況下都不是不符點。出口審核應(yīng)提示,進(jìn)口審單可不理。

  4.LEGALIZATION OR VISAED NOT IN TERMS OF LC

  健康證明

  1.NOT ISSUED BY THE PARTY STIPULATED IN LC

  2.GOODS NOT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF GOODS ON THE INVOICE OR LC

  不符點扣款

  單據(jù)不符,不符點費用必須要扣除,一般有不符點銀行會扣罰賣方50美元--100美元(視各銀行具體規(guī)定而定,一般一票單據(jù)只扣罰一次,而無論該票單據(jù)不符點數(shù)量的多少),無法避免,除非開證行沒看出來。

不符點

 

——END——

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